Gizmorama - June 28, 2017

Good Morning,

It looks like magnets can be used for more than just holding shopping list and your kid's artwork on the fridge. Magnetic implants are being used to correct involuntary eye movements. It's quite remarkable.

Learn about this and more interesting stories from the scientific community in today's issue.

Until Next Time,
Erin

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*-- Researchers use magnetic implants to treat 'dancing eyes' --*
Scientists are using magnetic implants inserted behind the eye to treat nystagmus, a condition causing involuntary eye movements or dancing eyes.

The study by the University College London and the University of Oxford used a newly developed set of magnets in the socket beneath each eye of a patient with nystagmus to control eye movement through oculomotor prosthesis.

"Nystagmus has numerous causes with different origins in the central nervous system, which poses a challenge for developing a pharmaceutical treatment, so we chose to focus on the eye muscles themselves," Dr. Parashkev Nachev of the UCL Institute of Neurology, said in a press release. "But until now, mechanical approaches have been elusive because of the need to stop the involuntary eye movements without preventing the natural, intentional movements of shifting gaze."

Researchers developed a prosthesis involving one magnet implanted on the orbital floor that interacts with a smaller magnet sutured to one of the extraocular muscles, which control the movement of the eyes.

The prosthesis was implanted in a patient with nystagmus. Testing showed that the patient's overall visual acuity was improved substantially and there were no negative side effects over four years of follow-up reports.

The study was published June 23 in Ophthalmology.



* New graphene robot moves in response to changes in humidity *
Scientists in China have designed a graphene robot that moves in response to changes in humidity.

By exposing a sheet of graphene oxide to a brief, bright flash of light from a camera flash, researchers created a material that is sensitive to moisture. Testing showed the graphene oxide sheet bends in response to relative humidity changes.

Scientists used the novel material to create a spider-like robot capable of crawling in response to humidity changes.

"The development of smart materials such as moisture-responsive graphene oxide is of great importance to automation and robotics," lead researcher Yong-Lai Zhang, a material scientist at Jilin University in China, said in a news release. "Our very simple method for making typical graphene oxides smart is also extremely efficient. A sheet can be prepared within one second."

Scientists have created other types of materials that respond to moisture, but graphene offers added advantages -- including strength, conductivity, flexibility, biocompatibility and more.

The camera flash works by inducing reduction, stripping oxygen molecules from the graphene. Only the exposed side of the graphene is reduced, which causes it to absorb fewer water molecules. The other side absorbs more water molecules and bends toward the reduced side when exposed to higher humidity levels. Drier air flattens the sheet.

The kinetic action can be manipulated by changes in humidity to create a crawling pattern, allowing the robot to autonomously propel itself. Researchers were also able to create a claw-shaped graphene robot capable of opening and closing its grasp without an outside power source.

Researchers detailed their work in a new paper, published this week in the journal Optical Materials Express.

"These robots are simple and can be flexibly manipulated by changing the environmental humidity," said Zhang. "These designs are very important because moving and capturing/releasing are basic functions of automated systems."

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