Gizmorama

June 28, 2010
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Good Morning,

There has been a new study that suggests that global warming
may take less a toll on some coral reefs as opposed to
others. Check out the middle segment for more details on
this timely discovery.

Until Next Time,
Erin

Questions? Comments? Email me at: mailto:gizmo@gophercentral.com
Email your comments=

P.S. You can discuss this issue or any other topic in the new
Gizmorama forum. Check it out here...
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New enzyme nanotech process is developed

MANHATTAN, Kan. - A U.S. chemical engineer says he's devel-
oped a way to make all-natural personal care products and
purer pharmaceuticals in the laboratory. Kansas State Univer-
sity Professor Peter Pfromm, in collaboration with former
visiting doctoral student Kerstin Wurges, said he has engin-
eered a way to use enzymes to efficiently catalyze chemical
reactions to create such products as scents for perfumes or
to avoid the introduction of inactive ingredients in drugs.
He said the process is essentially an enzyme-covered nano-
particle of fumed silica. Since enzymes come from natural
organisms, the end product can be billed as natural, Pfromm
said. He said enzymes also can be used to make a purer form
of pharmaceuticals, noting the active molecules in many drugs
often come with an inactive twin. However, enzymes are very
effective at only producing the active version of the mole-
cule. "Most of the time the inactive twin molecule is harm-
less, but there is a trend toward making more pure pharma-
ceuticals," Pfromm said. "Enzymes are exceedingly good at
taking reactants and making them into only one of the
versions, not both. They are supremely selective in this
way; chemical catalysts are not." Wurges, listed as a co-
inventor on the process patent, worked with Pfromm on
devising the preparation and did much of the lab work. She
is presently pursing her doctorate at the Julich Research
Center in Germany.

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Study: Some reefs adapt to global warming

STATE COLLEGE, Pa. - A U.S.-led international team of scien-
tists says it has discovered why some coral reefs can better
adapt to global warming than others. Penn State University
Assistant Professor Iliana Baums, one of the team's leaders,
said discovering how corals respond to ocean warming is
complicated because corals serve as hosts to algae that feed
on its nitrogen wastes. Through photosynthesis, the algae
then produce the carbohydrates that feed the coral. But when
a rise in ocean temperature upsets the symbiosis, the coral
may expel the algae in a phenomenon known as coral bleaching,
which can cause the death of both algae and coral. She said
the challenge is to figure out why some corals cope with the
heat stress better than others. "We decided to focus on coral
larvae because the successful dispersal and settlement of
larvae is key to the survival of reefs," Baums said. The
researchers found the response of larvae to changing condit-
ions depends upon where the parent colonies lived. Baums
said she is excited by the clear evidence of local adapta-
tions in populations that the study documented. "Variation
among populations in gene expression offers the species as
a whole a better chance of survival under changing condit-
ions," Baums said. "We might be able to screen adult popu-
lations for their ability to produce heat-resistant larvae
and focus our conservation efforts on those reefs." The
study appears in the online journal PLoS One.


3.6 million-year-old 'Lucy' relative found

CLEVELAND - U.S.-led scientists say they've discovered a 3.6-
million-year-old partial skeleton in Ethiopia, making it
400,000 years older than the famous "Lucy" skeleton. Scien-
tists from The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Kent
State University, Case Western Reserve University, Ethiopia's
Addis Ababa University and the Berkeley Geochronology Center
said the find suggests advanced human-like, upright walking
occurred much earlier than previously thought. The resear-
chers, led by Yohannes Haile-Selassie, curator of physical
anthropology at the Cleveland museum, said the partial skel-
eton belongs to "Lucy's" species -- Australopithecus afar-
ensis. It was excavated during a five-year period following
the discovery of a fragment of its lower arm bone in 2005.
The specimen was nicknamed "Kadanuumuu" (kah-dah-nuu-muu) by
the researchers. "Kadanuumuu" means "big man" in the Afar
language and reflects its large size, the scientists said,
noting the male hominid stood between 5 and 5 1/2 feet tall,
while "Lucy" stood at about 3 1/2 feet. "This individual
was fully bipedal and had the ability to walk almost like
modern humans," said Haile-Selassie. "As a result of this
discovery, we can now confidently say 'Lucy' and her rela-
tives were almost as proficient as we are walking on two
legs, and the elongation of our legs came earlier in our
evolution than previously thought," Haile-Selassie said.
The study appears in the early online edition of the Pro-
ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Quantum computing moves closer to reality

LONDON - British and Dutch scientists say they have, for the
first time, demonstrated the ability of an electron to exist
in two places at once in silicon. Scientists at the Univer-
sity of Surrey; University College London; Heriot-Watt
University in Edinburgh, Scotland; and the Institute for
Plasma Physics near Utrecht in The Netherlands said their
accomplishment marks a significant step toward the making of
an affordable quantum computer. "This is a real breakthrough
for modern electronics and has huge potential for the
future," Professor Ben Murdin at the University of Surrey
said. "Lasers have had an ever increasing impact on tech-
nology, especially for the transmission of processed infor-
mation between computers, and this development illustrates
their potential power for processing information inside the
computer itself." The complex research is detailed in the
journal Nature.

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