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Gizmorama

June 23, 2010
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Good Morning,

New findings on sharks' sensory abilities have been dis-
covered by U.S. biologists. Check out the middle segment
for more details on how they hunt prey and who exactly made
these discoveries.

Until Next Time,
Erin

Questions? Comments? Email me at: mailto:gizmo@gophercentral.com
Email your comments=

P.S. You can discuss this issue or any other topic in the new
Gizmorama forum. Check it out here...
http://gizmorama.gophercentral.com
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Scientists hike battery energy capacity

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - U.S. scientists say they've discovered
the use of carbon nanotubes for one of a lithium battery's
electrodes can dramatically improve its energy capacity.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers said
they determined the use of carbon nanotubes can produce a
significant increase -- up to tenfold -- in the amount of
power the battery could deliver from a given weight of mat-
erial, compared with a conventional lithium-ion battery.
They said such electrodes might find applications in small
portable devices, and, with further research, might also
lead to improved batteries for larger, more power-hungry
applications. The findings by a team led by Associate Pro-
fessor Yang Shao-Horn and Professor Paula Hammond, which
included researchers Naoaki Yabuuchi and Seung Woo Lee, are
reported in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.


Unsealed solar cell operates eight months

EDMONTON, Alberta - Canadian scientists say they have suc-
ceeded in increasing the operating life of an unsealed
plastic solar cell from hours to eight months. Researchers
from the University of Alberta and Canada's National Insti-
tute for Nanotechnology led by David Rider said they created
a longer-lasting, polymer coating for the solar cell's
electrode -- which extracts electricity from the cell. Prior
to the polymer-coating breakthrough, the research team said
its plastic solar cell could only operate at high capacity
for about 10 hours, but their advanced solar cell performed
at high capacity for eight months before it was damaged
during transit between laboratories. The research appears
in the June 22 issue of the journal Advanced Functional
Materials.

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Sharks' sensory abilities are redefined

WOODS HOLE, Mass. - U.S. biologists say they've found sharks
depend upon current vibrations and an ability to detect
odors independently by each of their nostrils to detect prey.
The findings by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and
the University of South Florida are said to be the first
conclusive evidence that bilateral time differences trump
odor concentration differences in sharks. Combined with the
ability to detect underwater vibrations, sharks are able to
zero in on the location of their prey by smelling in stereo,
said Jayne Gardiner of the university's Department of Inte-
grative Biology. Sharks have long had a reputation as effic-
ient predators with keenly attuned senses, but until now it
was thought they followed the strongest scent when hunting
prey, said Boston University Professor Jelle Atema, a study
co-author also affiliated with WHOI. Most often, sharks will
hit an odor patch at an angle rather than straight on, he
said. So by determining which nostril received the odor
first, the shark will automatically steer into the odor
patch. The researchers said the difference in timing between
nostrils can be as small as a 10th of a second. The study
appears in the journal Current Biology.

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Antarctic ice melt: 10 percent of sea rise

CAMBRIDGE, England - New research led by the British Antarc-
tic Survey shows West Antarctica's ice melt currently contri-
butes nearly 10 percent of the global sea level rise. An
international team of researchers -- including scientists
from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia Univer-
sity in New York and the Britain's National Oceanography
Center -- identified the antarctic's Pine Island Glacier as
a major source of the ice melt. Officials said the project
is part of a series of investigations to better understand
the impact of melting antarctic ice on sea level. The scien-
tists said they used an autonomous underwater vehicle to
dive beneath the Pine Island Glacier's floating ice shelf
and discovered a 985-foot-high ridge (mountain) on the sea
floor. "The discovery of the ridge has raised new questions
about whether the current loss of ice from Pine Island
Glacier is caused by recent climate change or is a continu-
ation of a longer-term process that began when the glacier
disconnected from the ridge," Adrian Jenkins of the British
Antarctic Survey and the study's lead author said. "This work
is vital for evaluating the risk of potential wide-spread
collapse of west antarctic glaciers." The new findings are
reported in the journal Nature Geoscience.


Study sheds light on tumor metastasis

BALTIMORE - Johns Hopkins University scientists say they've
used a laser beam to activate a protein that causes a cluster
of fruit fly cells to act in unison. The researchers, led by
Professor Denise Montell, said their findings hold potential
importance for understanding embryonic development, wound
healing and tumor metastasis -- the process by which tumor
cells migrate to lymph nodes, bones and other organs. The
scientists said their study demonstrates the collective
direction-sensing behavior of live cells in intact tissue,
and a means of controlling protein behavior in a living
organism by shining a focused beam of light precisely on
the parts of cells where they want the protein to be active.
"Our little system in the fruit fly is an elegant example of
cells behaving socially in their natural environment sur-
rounded by other cells," Montell said. "You can't capture
this behavior if you look at individual cells in a culture
dish. "People tend to think of cancer as single cells
breaking off from the tumor and migrating away," Montell
added, "but it's likely that this collective form of move-
ment is important, at one phase or another, in the spread of
tumors." She said a better understanding of how and why
cells move can facilitate development of new treatments, not
only for cancer, but other disorders characterized by aber-
rant cell behavior. The study appears in the May 16 issue of
the journal Nature Cell Biology.

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