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Friday, May 14th, 2010


NASA: Omega-3 might help reduce bone loss

HOUSTON - NASA scientists say they've determined omega-3
fatty acids found in fish oil might help mitigate bone loss
that occurs during spaceflight and in osteoporosis. Resear-
chers at the Johnson Space Center in Houston said their
findings could have significant implications for both space
travelers and people susceptible to bone loss on Earth. The
research involved studies using cell cultures, ground-based
bed rest and data from space shuttle and International Space
Station crew members. In the cell-based studies, scientists
found that adding a specific omega-3 fatty acid to cells
would inhibit the activation of factors that lead to bone
breakdown, specifically nuclear factor kappa B. In a study
of astronauts returning from short-duration shuttle missions,
researchers found kappa B activation had increased in blood
cells collected at landing, and remained elevated for two
weeks. The ground-based bed rest study determined bed rest
simulates some effects of weightlessness, including muscle
and bone loss. During the study, higher intake of omega-3
fatty acids was associated with less bone loss. "These re-
sults are very exciting, and provide initial evidence that
nutrition may be a key factor in mitigating bone loss in
astronauts." said Scott Smith, a NASA nutritionist and one
of the paper's authors. The study that included co-authors
Sara Zwart, Duane Pierson, Satish Mehta and the late Steve
Gonda appears in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.


'Triad' screens for diabetic retinopathy

OAK RIDGE, Tenn. - U.S. scientists say they've developed a
machine that allows early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic
retinopathy and other potentially blinding diseases. Oak
Ridge National Laboratory researchers said their Telemedical
Retinal Image Analysis and Diagnosis technology, known as
TRIAD, could be a life-changer for people at risk of diabetic
retinopathy and eye diseases. Officials said the technology
-- recently licensed to Automated Medical Diagnostics, a
Memphis start-up company, by ORNL and the University of
Tennessee Health Science Center -- can quickly screen for
the disease in a doctor's office or other remote sites,
permitting early detection and referral for diabetic retino-
pathy and other retinal diseases. "If diabetic retinopathy
is detected early, treatments can preserve vision and signif-
icantly reduce the incidence of debilitating blindness," said
Professor Edward Chaum at the university's Hamilton Eye
Institute. Chaum and ORNL's Ken Tobin led the team that
developed the device. "With the TRIAD network, all of the
computed diagnoses are sent to an ophthalmologist for review
and sign-off of the computer-generated report, much like what
is done for an EKG," Tobin said. "Over time, our hope is that
the number of reports requiring physician review will be
reduced as the performance of the TRIAD network is proven
through clinical testing." The research also included scien-
tists from the University of North Carolina and the Delta
Health Alliance.

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Myeloid leukemia linked to alcohol

MINNEAPOLIS - Drinking alcohol during pregnancy could in-
crease the risk of acute myeloid leukemia, French researchers
found. Julie Ross of the University of Minnesota -- who was
not involved in the study but is an editorial board member of
the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, the
journal in which the findings were published -- said acute
myeloid leukemia is rare and there are about 700 cases each
year in the United States. "It's quite rare, so we want to
be careful about worrying parents too much," Ross said in a
statement. Lead researcher Paule Latino-Martel, director at
the Research Center for Human Nutrition in France, and col-
leagues analyzed 21 case studies of acute myeloid leukemia.
Alcohol intake during pregnancy was associated with a 56 per-
cent increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia in children.
The risk of acute myeloid leukemia was higher in children
ages 0-4, but was no significant association with acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. Ross and Latino-Martel said the
findings should strengthen the public health recommendation
against alcohol consumption in pregnant women. "Despite the
current recommendation that pregnant women should not drink
alcohol during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during preg-
nancy is 12 percent in the United States, 30 percent in
Sweden, 52 percent in France, 59 percent in Australia and
60 percent in Russia," Latino-Martel said in a statement.

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Walgreens halts sale of genetic test

WASHINGTON - Walgreens says it won't sell the Pathway Genom-
ics genetic test kit until the U.S. Food and Drug Admini-
stration approves over-the-counter sales.Walgreens, the
nation's largest drugstore chain, Wednesday postponed plans
to sell the saliva test, which promises to analyze a person's
DNA to assess risk for breast cancer, heart attacks and other
diseases. The FDA and San Diego-based Pathways are in talks
over whether the test can be sold legally without the
agency's authorization, The Washington Post reported Thurs-
day. "We've elected not to move forward with offering the
Pathway product to our customers until we have further
clarity on this matter," Walgreen spokesman Jim Cohn said.
The Genetic Alliance, an advocacy and research group, said
Walgreens was acting in the best interests of consumers to
assure safety in the growing field of genetic testing. "The
FDA, for its part, must be the guardian of safety and effic-
acy, all the while encouraging innovation and the benefits
that genetics can bring to medicine," alliance spokeswoman
Sharon Terry said.


New Tourette syndrome therapy considered

NEW HAVEN, Conn. - A U.S. study has identified a rare gen-
etic mutation that researchers say suggests a potentially
novel approach for treatment of tics and Tourette syndrome.
Yale University School of Medicine scientists, led by Dr. -
Matthew State, said the mutation occurs in a gene required
to produce histamine. They said that finding provides a new
framework to understand many years of data on the role of
histamine function in the brain. Tourette syndrome is a
relatively common neurological disorder characterized by
tics -- involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations
that occur repeatedly in the same way. The malady isn't life-
threatening but can be disabling. State and his team said
they found a family suffering the syndrome with a rare mu-
tation in a gene that makes a protein is required for the
production of histamine, which is an important neurotrans-
mitter that influences a variety of brain functions. "The
opportunity to go directly from a rare genetic finding to a
trial of a new approach to treatment in a neuropsychiatric
disorder is very unusual," State said. "There are several
new medications in development that increase the release of
brain histamine. Based on this genetic finding, these com-
pounds would be good candidates for new treatments for
Tourette." The research is to appear in the May 20 issue of
the New England Journal of Medicine.


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