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Friday, April 9th, 2010

Heart disease genes mapped in fruit flies

LA JOLLA, Calif. - A U.S.-Austrian-led team of scientists
says it has created a genetic map of Drosophila, fruit flies,
showing how genes affect heart function and disease. Although
heart disease is a major cause of disability and death, sci-
entists say very little is understood about its genetic
underpinnings. Researchers from the Institute of Molecular
Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute in California
investigated 7,061 genes from Drosophila and built a map
showing how some genes contribute to heart function and
disease. The researchers said they identified many genes not
previously associated with heart disease. "Our work on flies
has identified a possible cause of human heart disease that
the human genetic screens had missed," said co-lead resear-
cher Professor Josef Penninger of the Austrian academy. The
scientists said they also identified many genes with no known
function that might, when malfunctioning, predispose humans
to heart disease. "We already established that genes respon-
sible for making the heart in fruit flies have a similar
role in humans; and now we find that many of the genes that
help the heart maintain normal function also prevent heart
disease in humans," said Associate Professor Rolf Bodmer,
co-lead researcher at Sanford-Burnham. The study that in-
cluded scientists from Japan, Canada, Italy, India and
Germany appears in the journal Cell.


Lung cancer surgical techniques studied

SEOUL - South Korean scientists have found partial lung re-
moval is favorable over full removal as a treatment for lung
cancer in people with sufficient lung function. Researchers
led led by Dr. Yong Soo Choi of the Samsung Medical Center
compared the outcomes of a sleeve lobectomy, in which only
the section of a lung that contains a tumor is removed, and
a pneumonectomy, which involves removing an entire lung. The
scientists said their findings indicated patients in the
pneumonectomy group had poorer survival than those in the
sleeve lobectomy group. They said the study showed a sleeve
lobectomy can be performed with low operative risk and might
offer superior survival and better postoperative pulmonary
function. "Initially, the sleeve lobectomy was introduced for
patients with lung cancer who were unable to tolerate a full
pneumonectomy," Choi said. "The results of our study indicate
that a sleeve lobectomy is a safe and effective operation.
If anatomically feasible, a sleeve lobectomy is recommended
as a favorable alternative to pneumonectomy in patients even
with good pulmonary function." The research is reported in
the Journal of Thoracic Oncology.

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Tumor blood supply development studied

WORCESTER, Mass. - U.S. medical scientists say they've iden-
tified a genetic pathway that's responsible for vascular
growth and might be used to suppress tumor development.
University of Massachusetts Medical School researchers said
most solid cancers can't grow beyond a limited size without
an adequate blood supply and its supporting vascular network.
In their study, which involved blood vessel growth in zebra-
fish embryos, the scientists said they discovered a critical
step for blood vessel growth that provides new insight into
how vascular systems develop and offers a potential thera-
peutic target for preventing tumor growth. The scientists,
led by Associate Professor Nathan Lawson, said their findings
show how vascular systems use the forces of existing blood
flow to initiate the growth of a new vessel. The research
is detailed in the early online edition of the journal
Nature.


New aneurysm risk factors identified

NEW HAVEN, Conn. - A U.S.-led international team of scien-
tists has identified three new genetic variants that increase
a person's risk of developing brain aneurysms. The investi-
gators, led by Yale University's School of Medicine, said
their findings came from the largest genome-wide study of
brain aneurysms ever conducted. The study involved more
than 20,000 people and brings to five the number of regions
of the genome that have been found to contribute to brain
aneurysms, the scientists said. "These findings provide
important new insights into the causes of intracranial
aneurysms and are a critical step forward in the develop-
ment of a diagnostic test that can identify people at high
risk prior to the emergence of symptoms," said Yale Professor
Murat Gunel, senior author of the study. "Given the often-
devastating consequences of the bleeding in the brain,
early detection can be the difference between life and
death." The international collaboration was headed by Gunel
and Yale Professor Richard Lifton. The research involved 69
other scientists from 32 institutions in 10 nations. They
analyzed 5,891 aneurysm patients from Japan and Europe and
14,181 unaffected subjects. The researchers determined a
person carrying all of the genetic risk variants identified
by the Yale-led team is five to seven times more likely to
suffer an aneurysm than those who have none of the variants.
The study is reported in the early online edition of the
journal Nature Genetics.

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Gout: Not a disease of kings or rich men

BOSTON - Many consider gout to be "the disease of kings" or
a "rich man's disease," but it is becoming increasingly
common, a U.S. newsletter says. The Harvard Health Letter
says gout is a form of arthritis, which is caused by a build-
up of uric acid in the blood and when the uric acid crystal-
lizes in the joints, it causes inflammation and pain. "Gout
is becoming more common partly because of the obesity epi-
demic and dietary choices such as meat, seafood, sugar and
alcohol -- especially beer -- can trigger attacks of gout,"
the newsletter says. "Soda drinkers are also at risk, since
there is evidence that fructose, the main sweetener in many
sugared beverages, increases uric acid levels in the blood."
High blood pressure is another risk factor and diuretics
taken to lower blood pressure can also increase uric acid
levels. Drug therapy is a consideration if there are gout
attacks three or more times a year, the attacks are severe
and difficult to control, or attacks affect several joints,
the newsletter says.


FDA OKs two generic hypertension drugs

WASHINGTON - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it
has approved the first generic versions of two drugs used
for the treatment of hypertension. FDA officials said they
have approved losartan potassium tablets and losartan potas-
sium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets -- a combination drug
-- that are the generic equivalents of Cozaar and Hyzaar
tablets, in that order. Cozaar and Hyzaar are widely-used
anti-hypertensive drugs. The FDA said the generic losartan
products will carry the same safety warnings as their brand
counterparts, including a boxed warning against the use of
these products during the second and third trimesters of
pregnancy. The generic drugs are manufactured in differing
strengths by various companies, including TEVA Pharmaceut-
icals USA, Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., Roxane Laboratories
Inc. and Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd.


--------------- Health Tip Video of the Week ---------------

Downward Facing Dog - Yoga Zone

Rating: 2.67

When working your abs the way shown in this clip, there are
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http://www.evtv1.com/player.aspx?itemnum=1436

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