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Friday, February 12, 2010


FDA sees risks linked to the drug Tysabri

WASHINGTON - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it's
determined the risk of developing a rare viral disease has
been linked with Tysabri infusions. The FDA said it has
notified healthcare professionals the risk of developing
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy increases with
the number of Tysabri (Natalizumab) infusions received.
Tysabri is used to fight multiple sclerosis and Crohn's
disease. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a
usually fatal disease that damages the material that covers
and protects nerves in the white matter of the brain,
Wikipedia said. The new safety information is based on
reports of 31 confirmed cases of PML received by the FDA
as of January 21, officials said. The information is to be
included on the Tysabri drug label and patient medication
guide. "Based on the available information, FDA believes
that the clinical benefits of Tysabri continue to outweigh
the potential risks," the federal agency said. "Revisions
to the drug label and patient Medication Guide ? are intended
to maximize the safe use of Tysabri and the identification
of new PML cases. Tysabri is manufactured by Biogen Idec
Inc. of Cambridge, Mass.


Criteria not used to diagnose depression

PROVIDENCE, R.I. - U.S. researchers say many physicians
don't use established criteria to diagnose depression.
Researchers at Rhode Island Hospital in Providence found
two-thirds of non-psychiatrist physicians and 25 percent
of psychiatrists surveyed said they often did not use the
criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, when diagnosing major
depressive disorder. Study leader Dr. Mark Zimmerman says
that not determining whether the criteria for major depress-
ive disorder are being met, creates the possibility patients
who may not actually have major depression are taking medi-
cation that may not be helping them. "These findings are
disconcerting," Zimmerman says in a statement. He suggests
if doctors are not using the criteria because of their
length or because they may not be able to recall all of the
them, a shortened definition may help to facilitate approp-
riate application of the criteria across all practitioners.
The study, published online ahead of print in the Journal
of Clinical Psychiatry, surveyed 291 physicians attending a
continuing medical education conference.

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HIV key enzyme structure is determined

LONDON - U.S. and British scientists say they have determined
the three-dimensional structure of a critical enzyme found in
HIV and other retroviruses. The study's lead author, Dr Peter
Cherepanov of Imperial College London, said the precise
structure of the enzyme called "integrase" was determined by
growing a crystal using integrase from a retrovirus called
the Prototype Foamy Virus that scientists believe is very
similar to the human immunodeficiency virus. Growing the
crystal required 40,000 trials during four years of effort
by researchers from Imperial College and Harvard University.
Cherepanov said: "It is a truly amazing story. When we
started out, we knew that the project was very difficult,
and that many tricks had already been tried and given up by
others long ago. ? Despite initially painstakingly slow
progress and very many failed attempts, we did not give up
and our effort was finally rewarded." Researchers determined
the molecular structure of the crystal with X-ray diffraction
data from a synchrotron at the Diamond Light Source in South
Oxfordshire. The investigators said their findings will help
scientists better understand how existing drugs that inhibit
integrase work, how to improve them and how to stop the human
immunodeficiency virus from developing resistance to them.
The study appeared in the Jan. 31 edition of the journal
Nature.



Malaria parasite genome studied

SINGAPORE - Scientists at Singapore's Nanyang Technological
University say they have completed the world's first in-
depth study of the malaria parasite genome. The researchers
at the university's School of Biological Sciences said their
findings could lead to the development of more potent drugs
or even a vaccine for malaria, which is transmitted to humans
by infected mosquitoes and kills up to three million people
each year. Assistant Professor Zbynek Bozdech, who led the
study, said his team has become the first to successfully
use transcriptional profiling to uncover previously unknown
gene expression patterns in malaria. They said transcrip-
tional profiling is the measurement of the activity of
thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of
cellular function. Their findings, the scientists said, have
yielded critical information about how the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum responds to existing compounds with
curative potential. "Drawing on our findings, pharmaceutical
companies could explore ways to design a drug that targets
the weakest link," said Bozdech. "We have predicted all the
genes that could be used for a vaccine as well." The study
was reported in the January edition of the journal Nature
Biotechnology.

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FDA to reduce medical radiation exposure

WASHINGTON - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it
is starting a program designed to reduce unnecessary medical
radiation exposure. The FDA said its initiative will focus
on three types of imaging procedures: computed tomography,
nuclear medicine and fluoroscopy. Those procedures, officials
said, are the greatest contributors to total U.S. radiation
exposure and use much higher radiation doses than other
radiographic procedures, such as standard X-rays, dental
X-rays and mammography. Although the medical imaging proce-
dures have led to early disease diagnoses that help save
lives, the FDA said the imaging technology, as do all med-
ical procedures, pose some risks. "The amount of radiation
Americans are exposed to from medical imaging has dramatic-
ally increased over the past 20 years," said Dr. Jeffrey
Shuren, director of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radio-
logical Health. "The goal of FDA's initiative is to support
the benefits associated with medical imaging, while mini-
mizing the risks." The federal agency said its initiative
will promote the safe use of medical imaging devices,
support informed clinical decision-making, and increased
patient awareness of their own exposure. The FDA said it
also intends to issue requirements for manufacturers of
imaging devices to incorporate safeguards into the design
of their machines to develop safer technologies. The agency
said it will hold a public meeting March 30-31 to solicit
input on what requirements to establish.


Cholesterol-caused heart disease studied

SEATTLE - U.S. scientists say they've discovered cholesterol
causes atherosclerosis by disrupting a network of interacting
immune system proteins. University of Washington researchers
studied the role of macrophages, immune-system cells that
destroy proteins derived from cholesterol. They discovered
that when macrophages become overloaded with such proteins,
they become what scientists have called foam cells, due to
their foamy appearance, and contribute to the development
of atherosclerosis. The researchers also found drugs that
lower cholesterol levels and inflammation help restore the
macrophage network to more normal functioning. The scientists
said their findings should change the way heart disease is
treated, making the goal of treatment the restoration of
functioning of a disrupted protein network, rather than the
reduction of cholesterol levels. The study that included Lev
Becker, Sina Gharib, Angela Irwin, Ellen Wijsman, Tomas
Vaisar, John Oram, and Jay Heineckeappears in the journal
Cell Metabolism.


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Pain in Babies - The Fight Against Pain

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Babies do feel pain and treating them is a whole new ball
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the pain was or how strong the pain is.

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