Don't You Hate Not Knowing About The Batteries In Your Drawer?
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Thursday, November 5, 2009
New biomarker found for aggressive cancers
CINCINNATI - U.S. researchers say they have determined a
form of the protein that causes blood clotting might also
become a new biomarker for aggressive cancers. University of
Cincinnati researchers, members of an international team of
scientists, said the recently discovered protein -- called
"Tissue Factor" -- might play a key role in the molecular
mechanisms leading to the growth of certain metastatic can-
cers. The protein is present in various tissues, but it's
most prominent in vascular structures such as blood vessels.
Previous studies showed alternatively spliced Tissue Factor
contributes to cancer growth, but the molecular events lead-
ing to that were unknown. In a preclinical study, Vladimir
Bogdanov of the University of Cincinnati and Henri Versteeg
of Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands, de-
scribed in detail how the protein contributes to cancerous
cell growth. The scientists said their study is the first to
report the specific mechanisms of action that lead to in-
creased angiogenesis when alternatively spliced Tissue Fac-
tor is present. "This is an important breakthrough in cancer
research because we are able to draw a more complete molecu-
lar picture of how Tissue Factor contributes to cancer
growth," Bogdanov said. "This will help translate basic
research into real-life for therapies targeted to stop
angiogenesis." The study appears in the early online edition
of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Cancerless rodent has genetic defense
ROCHESTER, N.Y. - U.S. scientists say they've discovered
how the naked mole rat -- the only known animal that never
develops cancer -- defends itself against tumor development.
The rodent, also known as a sand puppy, has a 30-year life-
span that allows ample time for cells to grow cancerous. But
scientists say the animal has never been found with tumors of
any kind -- and now University of Rochester biologists think
they know why. In a study led by Associate Professor Vera
Gorbunova, researchers found the mole rat's cells express a
gene called p16 that stops the proliferation of the rodent's
cells when too many of them crowd together, thereby stopping
runaway growth before it can start. The researchers said the
effect of p16 is so pronounced that when scientists mutated
the cells to induce a tumor, the cells' growth barely
changed, whereas regular mouse cells became fully cancerous.
"We think we've found the reason these mole rats don't get
cancer, and it's a bit of a surprise," Gorbunova said. "It's
very early to speculate about the implications, but if the
effect of p16 can be simulated in humans we might have a way
to halt cancer before it starts." The research was reported
in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Obesity increases blood clot risk
AALBORG, Denmark - For both men and women, the risk of blood
clots is greater if they are obese, Danish researchers found.
Dr. Marianne Tang Severinsen of the Aarhus University Hospi-
tal in Aalborg, Denmark, said women with fat on their hips
were at higher risk of blood clots, while for men the risk
went up with weight around the waist. The study, published
in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association,
involved 27,178 men and 29,876 women, ages 50-64, who were
monitored for body mass, weight distribution and venous
thromboembolism -- blood clot -- incidence. During the 10-
year study, 641 venous thromoembolisms were recorded. The
researchers found a statistically significant positive assoc-
iation between venous thromboembolism and all measurements of
body size in both genders. Hip circumference was positively
linked to venous thromboembolism in women, but not men. Waist
size was positively linked to venous thromboembolism in men,
not women. "The implications to the public are that all
types of obesity increase the risk for venous thromboembo-
lism, but the location of body fat also plays some unknown
role," Severinsen, the lead author, said in a statement.
"For health professionals, the implication is that all types
of fat distribution should be taken into account when evalu-
ating risk for venous thromboembolism."
Nanoscale chemo drug delivery created
DURHAM, N.C. - U.S. bioengineers say they've created a met-
hod of loading cancer drugs into nanoscale delivery vehicles
that carry the drug directly to tumors. Duke University
researchers said their delivery system, used in animal mod-
els, demonstrated the new nanoformulation can eliminate
tumors after a single treatment. After delivering the drug
to the tumor, the nanoscale delivery vehicle breaks down in-
to harmless byproducts, markedly decreasing the toxicity for
the recipient, the researchers said. "When used to deliver
anti-cancer medications in our models, the new formulation
has a four-fold higher maximum tolerated dose than the same
drug by itself, and it induced nearly complete tumor regres-
sion after one injection," said Professor Ashutosh Chilkoti,
who led the study. "Just as importantly, we believe, is the
novel method we developed to create these drugs," Chilkoti
added. "Unlike other approaches, we can produce large quant-
ities simply and inexpensively, and we believe the new method
theoretically could be used to improve the effectiveness of
other existing cancer drugs." The research is detailed in
the early online edition of the journal Nature Materials.
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Updated brachytherapy guidelines offered
PHILADELPHIA - U.S. medical scientists have issued new guide-
lines for analyzing the radiation dose delivered to the pros-
trate and nearby organs in brachytherapy procedures. Brachy-
therapy is a cancer treatment that involves placing radio-
active sources, such as pellets, within or close to a tumor.
The new guidelines, co-authored by Professor Yan Yu, director
of medical physics at Thomas Jefferson University, call for
the radiation dose to be carefully analyzed using post-
implant computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imag-
ing and uniformly documented in every patient. The task group
led by Yu issued specific recommendations on the timing,
imaging techniques, dose planning criteria and dose evalu-
ation parameters that should be followed in documenting each
brachytherapy treatment. "Sophisticated brachytherapy tech-
niques such as real-time planning, image-guided robotic
implantation and dynamic dose verification are either here
or imminent" and require a higher level of standardization,
which is what the task group was commissioned to address, Yu
said. The recommendations are reported in the journal Medical
Physics.
NASA technology might treat breast cancer
CHICAGO - U.S. scientists say they're trying to determine if
a NASA imaging technique can predict radiation therapy tissue
damage experienced by breast cancer patients. The Rush Uni-
versity Medical Center and Argonne National Laboratory re-
searchers said the imaging technique -- called three-dimen-
sional thermal tomography -- is used by NASA to inspect the
space shuttle. The scientists are examining the utility of
the technology for use in radiation oncology. Rush University
Professor Dr. Katherine Griem said approximately 80 percent
of breast cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment
develop acute skin reactions that range in severity. The
study's goal is to determine if the NASA imaging technology
can measure the thermal effusivity of skin tissue -- a meas-
ure of its ability to exchange heat with its surroundings.
"Our initial data with radiation induced skin changes are
quite encouraging," said Dr. Alan Coon, chief resident of
radiation oncology at Rush and primary author of the study.
"In addition to finding decreases in effusivity of the
treated areas many days before the development of skin re-
actions, we have also seen that the magnitude of these de-
creases varies with the grade of the reactions. This exciting
result bodes well for the clinical utility of this technique
in predicting the severity of a skin reaction before it oc-
curs." Preliminary study results are being displayed during
the American Society for Radiation Oncology's annual meeting
this week in Chicago.
--------------- Health Tip Video of the Week ---------------
Your Skin Up Close
Rating: 4.09
Did you know that you have bacteria living on your eye-
lashes and your skin? In this clip, meet a few of these
hidden bacterias. Warning: You may start to itch.
http://www.evtv1.com/player.aspx?itemnum=14883
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