Gizmorama

June 21, 2010
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Good Morning,

A new process has been developed that generates and stores
hydrogen for fuel purposes in cars. Read the first article
for more details on how this process works.

Until Next Time,
Erin

Questions? Comments? Email me at: mailto:gizmo@gophercentral.com
Email your comments=

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Hydrogen storage-generating system created

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - U.S. chemical engineers say they've
developed a process called hydrothermolysis that generates
and stores hydrogen to run fuel cells in cars. Purdue Uni-
versity Professor Arvind Varma, who led the research, said
the process uses a powdered chemical called ammonia borane,
which has one of the highest hydrogen contents of all solid
materials. "This is the first process to provide exception-
ally high hydrogen yield values at near the fuel-cell oper-
ating temperatures without using a catalyst, making it
promising for hydrogen-powered vehicles," he said. "We have
a proof of concept." Ammonia borane contains 19.6 percent
hydrogen, a high weight percentage that means a relatively
small quantity and volume of the material are needed to
store large amounts of hydrogen, Varma said. "The key is
how to efficiently release the hydrogen from this compound,
and that is what we have discovered," he said. The research
that included former doctoral student Moiz Diwan, postdoc-
toral researcher Hyun Tae Hwang and doctoral student Ahmad
al-Kukhun was presented Tuesday in Philadelphia during the
International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering.
The study will also appear in an upcoming issue of the AIChE
Journal, published by the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers.

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NASA demos tsunami prediction system

PASADENA, Calif. - A NASA-led research team says it has suc-
cessfully demonstrated for the first time elements of a pro-
totype tsunami prediction system. Scientists at NASA's Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, which manages the system, say it can
quickly and accurately assesses large earthquakes and esti-
mate the size of a resulting tsunami. After February's mag-
nitude 8.8 Chilean earthquake, a JPL team led by Y. Tony Song
used real-time data from the agency's Global Differential
GPS network to successfully predict the size of the resulting
tsunami. Researchers said the network combines global and
regional real-time data from hundreds of GPS sites to detect
ground motions as small as a few centimeters. "This success-
ful test demonstrates coastal GPS systems can effectively be
used to predict the size of tsunamis," Song said "This could
allow responsible agencies to issue better warnings that can
save lives and reduce false alarms that can unnecessarily
disturb the lives of coastal residents." Song's prediction
method estimates the energy an undersea earthquake transfers
to the ocean to generate a tsunami. Scientists said it relies
on data from coastal GPS stations near an epicenter, along
with information about the local continental slope -- the
descent of the ocean floor from the edge of the continental
shelf to the ocean bottom. Conventional tsunami warning sys-
tems rely on estimates of an earthquake's location, depth and
magnitude. However, researchers say history has shown earth-
quake magnitude isn't a reliable indicator of tsunami size.



Scientists try to grow replacement livers

BOSTON - U.S. scientists say they've developed a technique
that might some day allow the growth of transplantable re-
placement livers. Massachusetts General Hospital researchers
in Boston said they've used structural tissue from rat
livers as scaffolding to grow tissue regenerated from liver
cells. "Having the detailed microvasculature of the liver
within a biocompatible, natural scaffold is a major advantage
to growing liver tissue in a synthetic environment," said
research associate Basak Uygun, the paper's lead author. She
said the technique of "decellularizing" organs leaves the
vascular system intact, facilitating repopulation of the
structural matrix and the subsequent survival and function
of the introduced liver cells. The scientists said their
procedure is a refinement of an approach to re-engineering
replacement rat hearts reported in 2008 by University of
Minnesota researchers. Since liver tissue is more delicate
than heart tissue, the team developed "a gentler way" of
flushing living cells from the liver's structural matrix.
They then reintroduced hepatocytes, the cells that perform
most of the liver's primary functions, and those cells pen-
etrated the vascular network and became embedded in the
matrix, leaving major vessels clear to carry the blood sup-
ply. The repopulated matrix displayed normal liver function
for up to 10 days in culture, and recellularized grafts were
successfully connected to the circulation of live rats with
minimal cellular damage and normal hepatocyte function. "Even
though this is very exciting and promising, it is a proof-of-
concept study only," researcher Korkut Uygun, the paper's
senior author, said. "Much more work will be required to make
long-term functional liver grafts that can actually be trans-
planted into humans." The study appears in the early online
edition of the journal Nature Medicine.

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NASA releases extrasolar planet data

MOFFETT FIELD, Calif. (UPI)- The U.S. space agency has
released 43 days of science data gathered by the Kepler
Space Observatory on more than 156,000 stars. NASA scientists
said the stars are being monitored for subtle brightness
changes as part of an ongoing search for Earth-like planets
outside our solar system. Astronomers will use the data to
determine if orbiting planets are responsible for brightness
variations in the stars. Kepler looks for the data signatures
of planets by measuring tiny decreases in the brightness of
stars when planets cross in front of, or transit them, NASA
said. The size of the planet can be derived from the change
in the star's brightness. The 28-member Kepler science team
also uses data from ground-based telescopes and the Hubble
and Spitzer Space Telescopes to perform follow-up observa-
tions on a specific set of 400 objects of interest, the space
agency said. "This is the most precise, nearly continuous,
longest and largest data set of stellar photometry ever,"
said Kepler deputy principal investigator David Koch of
NASA's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, Calif. "The
results will only get better as the duration of the data set
grows with time." Kepler will continue conducting science
operations until at least November 2012, NASA said. The new
data is available at http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/.

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