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Friday, March 26th, 2010


Gene found to hinder or aid Alzheimer's

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Mayo Clinic researchers say they've dis-
covered a gene that appears to either help protect against
Alzheimer's disease, or promotes the disorder. The research-
ers at the Mayo Clinic's Jacksonville, Fla., campus said the
difference in the genetic behavior depends on the level of
the gene in the brain. In two research studies published
nearly simultaneously in the journals Neurology and PLoS ONE,
the scientists found strong evidence for the role of the
gene -- insulin-degrading enzyme -- in influencing the risk
of Alzheimer's disease. The researchers were one of the
groups that first found an association between the gene and
Alzheimer's several years ago, but their new findings, they
said, offer a novel theory about how the gene could be in-
volved in the disease process. "We found a new mechanism of
action for this Alzheimer's disease susceptibility gene, that
acts by altering gene expression levels," said Dr. Nilufer
Ertekin-Taner, the lead investigator on the Neurology study
and contributor to the PLoS ONE research. Fanggeng Zou and
Minerva Carrasquillo are the joint first authors of the
Neurology study. Carrasquillo and Zou, Olivia Belbin, and
doctoral candidate Mariet Allen are the joint first authors
of the PLoS ONE study. The studies were funded by The Nati-
onal Institutes of Health, the Mayo Alzheimer's Disease
Research Center and the Robert and Clarice Smith and Abigail
Van Buren Alzheimer's Disease Research Program.


Potential new diabetes drug is studied

COLUMBUS, Ohio - Ohio State University scientists say an ex-
perimental oral drug has successfully lowered blood sugar
levels and inflammation in mice with type 2 diabetes. The
scientists, led by Associate Professor Abhay Satoskar, said
the drug consists of a synthetic molecule that stops the
biological activity of a protein called macrophage migration
inhibitory factor, or MIF. The researchers said they first
determined that mice genetically engineered not to carry the
MIF protein are less likely to develop symptoms of type 2
diabetes. That, they said, suggests MIF has a role in at
least two hallmarks of diabetes: impaired blood sugar control
and the presence of other inflammatory proteins. The scien-
tists then treated diabetic mice with the investigational
drug and found most animals showed lower blood sugar levels
and reduced inflammatory proteins in their blood when com-
pared to untreated mice with type 2 diabetes. "We also found
that if we stopped administering the drug, then the blood
sugar level would go up," Satoskar said. "This does not pre-
sent a cure for diabetes, but we think, if it is approved in
humans, that it has potential to become an oral drug taken
for the long term to control a very common symptom of the
disease." The study is to appear in the Journal of the Feder-
ation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

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Gene linked with cancer in non-smokers

ROCHESTER, Minn. - U.S. medical geneticists say they've
linked a gene to lung cancer development in people called
"never smokers." The study -- co-led by the Mayo Clinic,
Harvard University, the University of California-Los Angeles
and the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center -- found about 30 percent
of never smoker patients who developed lung cancer had the
same uncommon variant residing in a gene known as GPC5. A
never smoker is defined as a person who has smoked fewer than
100 cigarettes during his or her lifetime. "This is the first
gene that has been found that is specifically associated with
lung cancer in people who have never smoked," said Mayo
Clinic genetic epidemiologist Dr. Ping Yang, who led the
study. The research teams scanned and analyzed the genomes
of 2,272 participants who have never smoked, nearly 900 of
whom were lung cancer patients. The scientists said it took
them 12 years to identify and enroll the study participants.
"It has been very hard to do this research because never
smokers have been mingled with smokers in past studies, and
what usually pops up are genes related to nicotine depen-
dence," Yang said. "Findings from this study concern pure
lung cancer that is not caused by smoking, and it gives us
some wonderful new avenues to explore." The research appears
in the early online edition of the journal Lancet Oncology.


Seaweed: A new way to fight obesity?

NEWCASTLE, England - British researchers say seaweed might
be effective in fighting increasing rates of obesity, effec-
tively reducing fat uptake by more than 75 percent. The
Newcastle University investigators, led by Professor Jeff
Pearson and researcher Iain Brownlee, said they found
Alginate -- a natural fiber found in sea kelp -- stops the
body from absorbing fat better than most anti-obesity treat-
ments currently available. Using an artificial gut, they
tested the effectiveness of more than 60 different natural
fibers by measuring the amount of fat that was digested and
absorbed with each treatment. "The aim of this study was to
put these products to the test and our initial findings are
that alginates significantly reduce fat digestion," Brownlee
said. "This suggests that if we can add the natural fiber to
products commonly eaten daily -- such as bread, biscuits and
yogurts -- up to three quarters of the fat contained in that
meal could simply pass through the body. "We have already
added the alginate to bread and initial taste tests have been
extremely encouraging," he said. "Now the next step is to
carry out clinical trials to find out how effective they are
when eaten as part of a normal diet." The preliminary
findings were presented last weekend in San Francisco, during
a meeting of the American Chemical Society.

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Study: Infrared fever detectors effective

OMAHA - U.S. scientists say the use of infrared detection
systems is a fast and effective way to identify fever in
patients at hospitals and clinical settings. Researchers at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center said they found
such a fever screening tool useful in providing split-second,
non-contact skin temperature measurements. Fever is a primary
symptom of seasonal influenza, H1N1 avian influenza and other
infectious diseases. Dr. Angela Hewlett and colleagues said
they evaluated the OptoTherm ThermoScreen in the emergency
department of the Nebraska Medical Center to test the tool's
viability in a practical clinical setting. The system employs
a thermal imaging camera to measure skin temperature by de-
tecting and quantifying the infrared energy being emitted
from a person's face. "The purpose of fever screening is to
protect patients," said Hewlett, an assistant professor of
infectious diseases. "This technology allows clinicians to
rapidly screen people for fever, so that incoming patients
and visitors who may be ill can be identified quickly and
reduce the danger of spreading diseases ? in the hospital."
According to the study, if fever was not detected there was
a 97 percent chance there was no fever present, making the
ITDS a useful tool for quick fever screenings. The study was
presented in Atlanta during last week's International
Conference on Healthcare-Associated Infections.


Noscapine use for prostate cancer studied

SAN DIEGO - U.S. medical investigators say they have discov-
ered noscapine, a cough medicine ingredient, can be used as
a prophylactic treatment for prostate cancer. The researchers
from the University of California-San Diego, the Prostate
Cancer Research and Education Foundation, also in San Diego,
and the MedInsight Research Institute in Baltimore concluded
noscapine administered as a preventive measure might offer
significant benefits in the management of prostate cancer, a
disease that kills more than 28,000 men in the United States
each year. The latest research focused on pre-treating mice
with noscapine before injecting them with prostate cancer
cells. That, said the scientists, resulted in the tumor
growth rate being two-thirds smaller in the noscapine group
than the non-noscapine group. The study also found lung meta-
stasis rates were 80 percent less in the mice pre-treated
with noscapine while the noscapine group suffered no cancer-
related weight loss, compared with significant weight loss
in the non-noscapine group. Noscapine has been used worldwide
since the 1950s as an ingredient in over-the-counter cough
medicines and was originally suggested as an anti-cancer
agent in the early 1960s. But major studies of its anti-
cancer properties have only taken place in recent years. The
findings appear in the journal Anticancer Research.


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