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Friday, December 3, 2009
Lung cancer proteins may be drug targets
BOSTON - U.S. scientists say they've identified proteins
that allow them to distinguish between cancer and normal
cells with 97 percent accuracy. Researchers from Boston
University School of Medicine and the Boston University
Biomedical Engineering Department said in addition they've
developed a computational strategy to identify key biolog-
ical pathways that are active in cancer and "dormant" in
normal cells. The scientists said their findings will
ultimately lead to the development of drugs specifically
aimed to inhibit such cancer proteins. Much of the cellular
machinery involved with such biological processes is cont-
rolled by a command control and communication system called
signal transduction, which is mainly controlled by a process
called phosphorylation. When a protein is phosphorylated it
either becomes active or repressed depending on its special
function. "Therefore, identifying the phosphorylation status
of proteins in cancer cells versus normal cells provides us
with a unique ability to understand and perhaps intervene
with the command and control center of cancer cells," said
co-senior study author Professor Simon Kasif. The research-
ers said a drug that would target this collection of pro-
teins would be effective treatment for most lung cancers.
"This is the first statistically validated phosphopeptide
signature to diagnose any disease, much less cancer or lung
cancer," added senior co-author Dr. Martin Steffen. The
research appears in the Nov. 25 issue of the online journal
PLoS One.
When you eat as important as what you eat
LA JOLLA, Calif. - U.S. researchers say they've determined
when people eat might be just as vital to their health as
what they eat. Scientists at the Salk Institute for Biolog-
ical Studies say experiments with mice revealed the daily
waxing and waning of genes in the liver is mostly controlled
by food intake and not by the body's circadian clock, as
conventional wisdom had it. "If feeding time determines the
activity of a large number of genes completely independent
of the circadian clock, when you eat and fast each day will
have a huge impact on your metabolism," said Assistant
Professor Satchidananda Panda, who led the research. "Our
study represents a seminal shift in how we think about cir-
cadian cycles," Panda added. "The circadian clock is no
longer the sole driver of rhythms in gene function, instead
the phase and amplitude of rhythmic gene function in the
liver is determined by feeding and fasting periods -- the
more defined they are, the more robust the oscillations be-
come." Panda said he has stopped eating between 8 p.m. and
8 a.m. and says he feels great. "I even lost weight, al-
though I eat whatever I want during the day," he said. The
study that included Christopher Vollmers, Luciano DiTacchio,
Sandhyarani Pulivarthy, Shubhrox Gill and Hiep Le is to
appear in a future issue of the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences.
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Research sheds new light on epilepsy
NEWCASTLE, England - British medical scientists say they've
used human brain tissue removed from people suffering from
epilepsy to do research that may lead to better treatments.
Newcastle University scientists say they have, for the first
time, been able to record spontaneous epileptic activity in
brain tissue that has been removed from patients undergoing
neurosurgery. Led by Dr Mark Cunningham, the research has
revealed a particular type of brain wave pattern associated
with epilepsy is caused by electrical connections between
nerve cells in the brain rather than chemical ones. That
means traditional drugs are useless to them. Cunningham
said the findings mark a huge step forward in understanding
epilepsy, which affects an estimated 45 million people world-
wide. "Until now we have only been able to mimic epilepsy
using experimental animal models, but this can never give
you a true picture of what is actually going on inside the
human brain in epilepsy," he said. "Our findings help us to
understand what is going wrong and are an important step
towards finding new epilepsy treatments in the future." The
study appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences.
Protein might aid probiotics producers
NORWICH, England, Nov. 30 (UPI) -- British scientists say
they've crystallized a protein that may help gut bacteria
bind to the gastrointestinal tract, thereby aiding producers
of probiotics. Researcher Nathalie Juge of the Institute of
Food Research in Norwich, England, said the protein could be
used to identify probiotics likely to be of benefit to
people. "Probiotics need to interact with cells lining the
gut to have a beneficial effect, and if they attach to sur-
faces in the gut they are more likely to stick around long
enough to exert their activity," Juge said, noting the gut
is the largest immune system organ in the body. Mucus ad-
hesion has been well studied for pathogenic bacteria, but
exactly what enables gut bacteria to stick is not known. The
research by Institute of Food Research and University of
East Anglia scientists has produced the first crystal
structure of a mucus-binding protein. The team of scien-
tists said they found the mucus-binding proteins recognize
human immunoglobulin proteins that are an integral part of
the immune system and might therefore play a wider role in
gut health as a site for attachment of bacteria. "The
strain-specificity of these proteins demonstrates the need
for the careful molecular design and selection of probi-
otics," Juge said. "This also opens new avenues of research
to study the fundamental roles bacteria play in the gastro-
intestinal tract." The research appears in the Journal of
Biological Chemistry.
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Tailor-made HIV/AIDS treatment possible
MONTREAL - Canadian scientists say they've developed a new
treatment for the human immunodeficiency virus that has
successfully passed its first clinical trial. McGill Uni-
versity Health Center researchers, led by Dr. Jean-Pierre
Routy, an associate professor at McGill, and Dr. Rafick-
Pierre Sekaly from the University of Montreal, said their
approach is an immunotherapy customized for each individual
HIV patient. "This is a vaccine made for the individual
patient -- an 'haute couture' therapy, instead of an off-
the-rack treatment" Routy said. The scientists said the
vaccine primes the immune system to fight the specific
strain of HIV/AIDS infecting a given patient. They said
the therapy shows immense promise and could be an even
more effective weapon against the virus than are anti-
retroviral cocktails currently in use. The results of the
first-stage clinical trials, which tested the therapy in
conjunction with anti-retroviral drugs, were published re-
cently in the journal Clinical Immunology. Phase 2 of the
clinical trial, which is nearly complete, is testing the
therapy's efficacy on its own at eight different sites in
Canada.
Simulated ultrasound training hikes safety
DETROIT - U.S. scientists say a simulation-based ultrasound
course for medical students can improve their skills without
compromising patient care or safety. Researchers at the
Center for Simulation, Education and Research, located at
the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, used mannequins to teach
doctors-in-training how to do ultrasound-guided procedures
and improve their knowledge, dexterity and confidence for
such common tasks as breast, liver or thyroid biopsies and
removal of fluid from the body. "The mannequins allow us to
simulate actual ultrasound guided procedures, which offers
residents a unique training opportunity prior to working on
real patients," said study co-author Dr. John Bonnett, a
radiologist at Henry Ford Hospital. "Ultimately, the resi-
dents in our study became more proficient and efficient in
performing these procedures." The research will be presented
in Chicago this week by study co-author Dr. Mishal Mendirata
Lala during the Radiological Society of North America's an-
nual meeting.
--------------- Health Tip Video of the Week ---------------
Health Tip: Give Your Bones a Work-Out
Rating: 3.7
Of course you need to exercise, but did you know that doing
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