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Friday, December 11, 2009

Marijuana helps reduce MS symptoms

LOS ANGELES - Marijuana may reduce spasticity -- involuntary
muscle contractions -- in multiple sclerosis patients, U.S.
researchers said. The systematic review of six randomized,
controlled trials, published in Neurology, found five of the
trials reported a reduction in spasticity and an improvement
in mobility. Researchers Shaheen Lakhan and Marie Rowland of
the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation in Los Angeles
said they looked for trials evaluating two marijuana extracts
-- delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol -- THC -- and cannabidiol --
CBD. "We found evidence that combined THC and CBD extracts
may provide therapeutic benefit for MS spasticity symptoms,"
Lakhan said in a statement. "The therapeutic potential of
cannabinoids in MS is comprehensive and should be given
considerable attention." The researchers said reported inci-
dence of marijuana side effects -- such as intoxication --
varied greatly depending on the amount of marijuana needed
to effectively limit spasticity. However, the researchers
noted side effects were also seen in the placebo groups.


FDA widens probe of CT scanners

LOS ANGELES - Hospitals nationwide could inadvertently be
exposing people to excessive doses of radiation during CT
brain scans, U.S. investigators said. The U.S. Food and
Drug Administration has widened its probe after reports of
excessive radiation at three Los Angeles hospitals and one
in Alabama, the Los Angeles Times reported Tuesday. The
reports involved scanners made by General Electric and
Toshiba. "Given the fact that we are dealing with two manu-
facturers and multiple institutions, we wouldn't be sur-
prised" if problems exist elsewhere, said Dr. Jeffrey Shuren,
head of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
So far, the FDA is investigating CT brain scan machines at
Huntsville Hospital in Alabama and at Providence St. Joseph
Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Glendale
Adventist Medical Center in Los Angeles County. A spokes-
woman for Toshiba said the company was cooperating with
investigators, while a spokesman for General Electric said
the company had detected no malfunctions with its CT scan-
ners.

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New drug ID'd for clotting disorders

HAMILTON, Ontario - Canadian scientists say they have identi-
fied a drug that shows promise for treating victims of a
blood clotting disorder known as venous thromboembolism. The
McMaster University researchers said the condition occurs
when an abnormal clot forms in a vein and restricts the flow
of blood, causing pain and swelling. In some cases, the clot
may detach from its point of origin and travel through the
heart to the lungs, causing a potentially fatal condition
known as a pulmonary embolism. Patients with the clotting
disorder are currently treated with a blood thinner known
as warfarin, which has many interactions with other medica-
tions and foods and requires frequent monitoring of the
dosage. But Professor Sam Schulman, who led the study, says
a randomized, double-blind trial of 2,539 venous thromboembo-
lism patients showed the oral drug dabigatran etexilate does
not have such disadvantages and is as safe and effective as
warfarin. The drug is manufactured by the German pharmaceu-
tical company Boehringer Ingelheim, which also funded the
research. The study is to appear in the Dec. 10 issue of the
New England Journal of Medicine.



Potential breast cancer marker identified

BALTIMORE - Johns Hopkins University scientists working with
mice say they've shown a specific protein might be a marker
for breast cancer cells. The scientists, led by Associate
Professor Venu Raman, said the protein made by a gene called
"Twist" might be used to distinguish stem cells that drive
aggressive, metastatic breast cancer from other breast cancer
cells. The scientists said they focused on the gene "Twist"
because of its known role as the producer of a so-called
transcription factor -- a protein that can switch other
genes on or off. Twist is an oncogene, one of many genes that
have the potential to turn normal cells into malignant ones.
"Our experiments show that Twist is a driving force among a
lot of other players in causing some forms of breast cancer,"
Raman said. "The protein it makes is one of a growing collec-
tion of markers that, when present, flag a tumor cell as a
breast cancer stem cell." The finding that Twist is integral
to the breast cancer stem cell phenotype has fundamental
implications for early detection, treatment and prevention,
Raman said. The study that included Farhad Vesuna, Ala Lisok
and Brian Kimble appears in the journal Neoplasia.

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Cystic fibrosis cell function improved

LA JOLLA, Calif. - U.S scientists say they have restored
partial function to lung cells from cystic fibrosis patients,
possibly opening the door to a new class of therapies. How-
ever, medical researchers led by Scripps Research Institute
scientists caution much work must be done before the therapy
can be tested in humans. "We are very excited by these re-
sults," said Scripps Professor William Balch. "Because we
came at the problem of restoring cell function from a new
perspective -- using biology to correct biology -- these
findings have the potential to be game-changing." The study,
performed in collaboration with cystic fibrosis investigators
across the United States and Canada, showed a compound called
suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, known as SAHA, can restore
about 28 percent of normal function to lung surface cells
with the most common, but most severe, cystic fibrosis mu-
tation, researchers said. SAHA is already approved by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for lymph-
oma. "The results are very promising," said Balch. "We know
that cystic fibrosis individuals with 15 to 30 percent of
normal cellular function, as can occur with certain muta-
tions, have milder cases of the disease and a more normal
lifestyle than patients carrying a severe mutation. The
added degree of function conveyed by SAHA or a compound like
SAHA could make a tremendous difference to patients with
acute disease." The study appears in the early online edition
of the journal Nature Chemical Biology.


New sickle-cell therapy shows promise

BOSTON - Children's Hospital Boston scientists say a new
genetic approach to sickle-cell disease therapy is showing
promise in animal studies. The researchers said they have
discovered silencing a specific gene boosts production of
a fetal form of hemoglobin in mice, potentially compensating
for the defective adult hemoglobin that causes red blood
cells to "sickle" and obstruct blood flow. Currently, there
are only a limited number of therapies available for sickle-
cell disease, the most common U.S. inherited blood disorder,
said Dr. Stuart Orkin, the study's senior author. Shortly
after birth, babies switch from producing the fetal form of
hemoglobin -- the protein inside red blood cells that carries
oxygen -- to producing the adult form, But the scientists
said it's long been known people who retain the ability to
produce fetal hemoglobin have much milder disease. Previous
studies showed a gene called BCL11A is involved in switching
off fetal hemoglobin production in adults. Working with
genetically engineered mice, the researchers explored whether
that switch could be used to alleviate the disease.
The study found that it could in mice. If the preliminary
results hold up in human studies, inactivating BCL11A might
also help patients with thalassemia, another blood disorder
involving abnormal hemoglobin, Orkin said. The study was
presented by first author Jian Xu this week in New Orleans
during the annual meeting of the American Society for Hema-
tology.


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