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Friday, April 16th, 2010


Effectiveness of melanoma vaccine tested

CHICAGO - A U.S. nationwide study is under way to determine
whether a vaccine can be used to effectively treat melanoma,
a deadly cancer of the skin. Rush University Medical Center
in Chicago is leading the Phase III clinical trial following
an earlier Phase II trial that had "stunning" results, sci-
entists said. Eight people completely recovered in the Phase
II trial and four partially responded to the vaccine. "Very
few treatment options exist for patients with advanced mela-
noma, none of them satisfactory, which is why oncologists
are so excited about the results we found in our Phase II
study," said Dr. Howard Kaufman, associate dean of Rush
Medical College and the leader of the Phase III study. The
vaccine -- OncoVex -- was developed to combat the herpes
virus. Researchers accidentally discovered it attacked
cancerous tissue when it was inadvertently placed into a
Petri dish of tumor cells. The vaccine is injected directly
into lesions. "What really surprised and encouraged us was
that the vaccine worked not just on the cells we injected,
but on lesions in other parts of the body that we couldn't
reach," Kaufman said. "In other words, the vaccine prompted
an immune response that was circulated through the blood-
stream to distant sites. These are the best results to date
for any vaccine developed for melanoma, but they need to be
confirmed in a larger population." OncoVex is manufactured
by BioVex biotechnology of Woburn, Mass.


Advance in Alzheimer's treatment announced

DULUTH, Minn. - U.S. medical researchers say they have moved
one step closer to being able to slow the onset and progres-
sion of Alzheimer's disease. The scientists, in an animal
study funded by the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences, showed that by targeting the blood-brain
barrier, they were able to slow the accumulation of a protein
associated with the progression of the illness. The blood-
brain barrier separates the brain from circulating blood,
they said, protecting the brain by removing toxic metabolites
and proteins formed in the brain and preventing entry of
toxic chemicals from the blood. "This study may provide the
experimental basis for new strategies that can be used to
treat Alzheimer's patients," said David Miller, chief of the
NIEHS Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology and an author
of the study. "What we've shown in our mouse models is that
we can reduce the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein in
the brain by targeting a certain receptor in the brain known
as the pregnane X receptor, or PXR," said Miller. The study
led by University of Minnesota researcher Anika Hartz in-
cluded Assistant Professor Bjorn Bauer and appears in the
May issue of the journal Molecular Pharmacology.

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Veggies and fruits: Weak cancer protection

NEW YORK - A U.S. analysis of data from more than 400,000
Europeans has found only a weak link between eating fruits
and vegetables and preventing cancer development. Mount
Sinai School of Medicine scientists in New York said they
found the relationship between high consumption of fruits
and vegetables and a reduced risk of cancer is not as
strong as commonly thought. Dr. Paolo Boffetta, lead
author of the study and deputy director of The Tisch
Cancer Institute at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
said he and his colleagues analyzed detailed information
on dietary habits and lifestyle variables of 142,605 men
and 335,873 women from Western European nations compiled
by Imperial College London Professor Elio Ribili. Boffetta
said his team found a small but significant inverse relation-
ship between high intake of fruits and vegetables and overall
cancer risk. "The bottom line here is that, yes, we did find
a protective effect of fruit and vegetable intake against
cancer, but it is a smaller connection than previously
thought," Boffetta said. "However, eating fruits and vegeta-
bles is beneficial for health in general and the results of
this study do not justify changing current recommendations
aiming at increasing intake of these foods. The findings
appeared in the April 6 online edition of the Journal of the
National Cancer Institute.


FDA approves pancreatic cancer treatment

WASHINGTON - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it
approved Pancreaze Delayed Release Capsules for the treatment
of pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic enzyme product -- the
third such product to gain FDA approval -- improves food
digestion in patients whose bodies do not produce enough
pancreatic enzymes. That, the FDA said, includes people
who have conditions such as cystic fibrosis, chronic pan-
creatitis, pancreatic tumors or removal of all or a part of
the pancreas. Formerly Creon, manufactured by Abbott Products
Inc., and Zenpep, manufactured by Eurand Pharmaceuticals,
were the only FDA-approved pancreatic enzyme products on the
market. The FDA said unapproved versions of pancreatic
enzyme products have been available for many years. In
October 2007, the federal agency set April 28, 2010, for
the makers of unapproved pancreatic enzyme products to stop
manufacturing and distributing them. Pancreaze is manufac-
tured by Johnson & Johnson.

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Kidney cancer urine test might be possible

ST. LOUIS - U.S. medical researchers say they have identi-
fied a pair of proteins secreted in the urine that might
lead to a urine test for kidney cancer. Washington University
School of Medicine scientists in St. Louis said their study
is the first to identify proteins secreted in urine that
appear to accurately reveal the presence of about 90 percent
of all kidney cancers. Currently, there is no diagnostic
test for kidney cancer, with about 80 percent of kidney
tumors discovered incidentally, during a CT scan or ultra-
sound test that has been ordered for an unrelated abdominal
complaint. "Kidney cancer is a silent and frequently fatal
cancer," said Dr. Evan Kharasch, who led the study. "More
than 80 percent of patients die within two years of diag-
nosis, and more than 95 percent die within five years because
by the time the cancer is detected, it often has spread be-
yond the kidney. When it is identified early, however, kidney
cancer is curable in a very high percentage of individuals."
The scientists say much in the same way mammograms are used
to screen for breast cancer and blood tests to screen for
prostate cancer, there might be an opportunity to detect
specific proteins in urine as a way to screen for kidney
cancer. The research is presented in the early online edition
of the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings.


Study finds potential breast cancer target

MELBOURNE - Australian scientists say they've found breast
stem cells are very sensitive to female hormones -- a
finding that might lead to new breast cancer treatments.
Associate Professors Jane Visvader and Geoff Lindeman at
the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
said their discovery explains decades of evidence linking
breast cancer risk to female hormone exposure. Visvader
and Lindeman, who led the research, said sustained exposure
to estrogen and progesterone was a well-established risk
factor for breast cancer. "There is a clear evidence that
the more menstrual cycles a woman has the greater her breast
cancer risk," Visvader said. "There is even an increase in
breast cancer risk in the short-term following pregnancy.
However the cellular basis for these observations has been
poorly understood." Using mouse models, the scientists
showed that when the ovaries were removed or the animals
were treated with hormone inhibitors, breast stem cell
numbers dropped and the cells appeared to become dormant.
Lindeman, who is also a medical oncologist, said that
finding helped explain why the effects of "chemoprevention"
-- a treatment aimed at breast cancer prevention -- continued
long after anti-estrogen tablets have been stopped. The
study is detailed in the early online edition of the journal
Nature.


--------------- Health Tip Video of the Week ---------------

Is it a Migraine Headache?

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