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Friday, February 19, 2010


Kidney cancer drug also shrinks tumors

CHAPEL HILL, N.C. - A University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill study has found a drug used to treat advanced kidney
cancer can also shrink kidney tumors prior to surgery. Phys-
icians at the university's school of medicine found therapy
before surgery with the drug sorafenib (Nexavar) can reduce
the size of large tumors and can be safely administered with-
out adding significantly to the risks of surgery. "We found
that primary kidney tumors responded to this therapy,
shrinking up to 40 percent prior to surgery," said Dr. Kimryn
Rathmell, an assistant professor who led the research. "What
this means for kidney cancer patients is that their surgery
may be less extensive and, we hope, can provide a better
outcome for patients because of tumor shrinkage." Study co-
author Dr. Matthew Nielsen, an assistant professor of
surgery, added: "This study is a major contribution to the
field, demonstrating that Nexavar is well-tolerated for pre-
surgery use, with no increase in the rates of complications
or difficulties recovering from surgical removal of the
kidney. We are optimistic that this and future similar
studies will ultimately allow us to offer individualized
treatment strategies for patients with this common and dan-
gerous disease." The study is published in the Journal of
Clinical Oncology.


Radiotherapy tumor tracking study reported

CAPE CORAL, Fla. - U.S. medical scientists say they have
demonstrated that targeted radiotherapy in real-time pro-
state tumor tracking reduces side effects. The multi-center
clinical study of the new technology, manufactured by Calypso
Medical Technologies Inc., involved high doses of radio-
therapy for prostate cancer with tightly controlled, precise
real-time tracking of the tumor targets. Researchers said
organ motion is prevalent and unpredictable during radiation
therapy and can be caused by normal physiologic events, such
as digestion, breathing or coughing. Tracking and responding
to that motion is critical for radiation treatments because
internal movement of the organ and tumor increases the
likelihood the radiation beam will miss the intended target
and deliver radiation to surrounding healthy tissue causing
side effects. "This is the first comparative study to show
that margin reduction in prostate cancer radiation therapy
has clinically significant and measurable benefits in de-
creasing acute toxicity and short-term side effects, said
the study's lead investigator, Dr. Constantine Manz of 21st
Century Oncology in Cape Coral, Fla., "By reducing acute
toxicity, we hope these patients may also experience a sig-
nificant reduction of long-term side effects." The study is
reported in the journal Urology.

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FDA OK's new anemia drug safety plan

WASHINGTON - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it
has approved a risk management program for certain drugs used
to treat anemia. The federal agency says the new program is
designed to inform healthcare providers and their patients
about the risks of a class of drugs called Erythropoiesis-
Stimulating Agents. For patients with cancer, the program is
also designed to help ensure the appropriate administration
of the drugs, which they receive to treat anemia that can
occur as a result of chemotherapy. ESAs -- including epoetin
alfa, marketed as Procrit and Epogen, and darbepoetin alfa,
marketed as Aranesp -- are forms of the human protein eryth-
ropoietin, which stimulates bone marrow to make red blood
cells, the FDA said. ESAs are approved for the treatment of
anemia that may occur as a result of kidney failure, certain
kinds of chemotherapy, the drug AZT and to treat anemia among
certain patients undergoing surgery. Procrit, Epogen and
Aranesp are manufactured Amgen Inc. of Thousand Oaks, Calif.


Tissue regeneration molecular path found

CINCINNATI - U.S. researchers say they've discovered a molec-
ular pathway that can regenerate damaged kidney tissue. In a
multi-institution collaboration led by Cincinnati Children's
Hospital Medical Center and the Harvard Medical School,
scientists said their findings might also lead to new thera-
pies for repairing injuries in several other organ systems.
They said the study might have significant medical ramif-
ications because there are currently no effective treatments
for acute kidney injury. The study's senior co-authors --
Richard Lang, a Cincinnati researcher, and Dr. Jeremy
Duffield, a scientist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in
Boston, said acute kidney injury is a significant cause of
kidney disease, cardiovascular complications and early death.
The researchers said the newly discovered molecular repair
pathway was found in laboratory mice and involves white blood
cells called macrophages that respond to tissue injury by
producing a protein called Wnt7b, which has previously been
identified with the formation of embryonic kidney tissues.
In their study the scientists found the protein helped initi-
ate tissue repair and regeneration in injured kidneys. "Our
findings suggest that by migrating to the injured kidney and
producing Wnt7b, macrophages are re-establishing an early
molecular program for organ development that also is bene-
ficial to tissue repair," Lang said. The study is detailed
in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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New way to fight malaria, bacteria found

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. - University of Illinois medical scientists
say they've discovered an unusual chemical reaction that
allows malaria parasites and many bacteria to survive. The
researchers, led by Professor Eric Oldfield, said they also
have learned how to exploit that chemical reaction by
developing a potent inhibitor for it. "There is an urgent
need for new drugs to combat malaria and bacterial diseases,
such as tuberculosis, that are becoming resistant to existing
treatments," Oldfield said. "Millions of people have tuberc-
ulosis, for example, and some of the bacterial strains that
cause TB are completely drug resistant. The parasites that
cause malaria also have become resistant to quinine, chloro-
quine and now artemisinin -- three common treatments for the
disease." The scientists said the chemical pathway they
discovered occurs in malaria parasites and in most bacteria,
but not in humans or other animals, thereby making it an
ideal drug target. The findings are reported in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.


Breast cancer growth gene identified

HOUSTON - U.S. medical researchers say they have identified
the gene that enables breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Baylor College of Medicine scientists say they've discovered
a master gene called SRC-3 (steroid receptor coactivator 3)
not only enhances estrogen-dependent growth of cancer cells
by activating and encouraging the transcription of a genetic
message into a protein, but it also sends a signal to the
cell membrane to promote cell motility or movement. The
researchers, led by Dr. Bert O'Malley, said their finding not
only uncovers a new activity for SRC-3, it also explains how
the epidermal growth factor receptor at the membrane gets a
signal to the enzyme that tells the cell to move -- and
ultimately grow -- allowing the cancer to invade surrounding
tissue. "Now we have a final picture as to why epidermal
growth factor receptor and the estrogen receptor are the most
dangerous combination of molecules overproduced in breast
cancer," O'Malley said. "When they are both over functioning,
people die quickly and are resistant to therapy." The study
that included scientists from the George Washington Univ-
ersity Medical Center appears in the journal Molecular Cell.


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