Gizmorama
March 10, 2010
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No pain... No expensive surgery...
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Good Morning,
I have yet another article on new findings of remains of
prehistoric species. I find these particular findings
fascinating in that we are still discovering pieces of the
puzzle that is pre-recorded history; no documents, no cave
writings, just bones. Check out the middle segment for more
details.
Until Next Time,
Erin
Questions? Comments? Email me at: mailto:gizmo@gophercentral.com
Email your comments=
P.S. You can discuss this issue or any other topic in the new
Gizmorama forum. Check it out here...
http://gizmorama.gophercentral.com
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Musk Oxen decline due to climate change
STATE COLLEGE, Pa. - U.S. scientists say they've determined
the sharp decline in Arctic musk oxen that began about 12,000
years ago was due to a warming climate and not hunting. "This
is the first study to use ancient musk oxen DNA collected
from across the animal's former geographic range to test for
human impacts on musk ox populations," said Penn State Assis-
tant Professor Beth Shapiro, one of the team's leaders. "We
found that, although human and musk ox populations overlapped
in many regions across the globe, humans probably were not
responsible for the decline and eventual extinction of musk
oxen across much of their former range." Musk oxen once were
plentiful across the Northern Hemisphere, but they now exist
almost solely in Greenland and number only about 80,000 to
125,000. To conduct its research, the team collected DNA from
musk ox bones and other remains of animals that lived during
different times -- up to 60,000 years ago -- and from musk
oxen that are alive today. "It is becoming clear that each
species is following its own population trajectory," Shapiro
said. "This is a strong argument that it is changes in habi-
tat that are driving these population dynamics, and not a
single factor such as the introduction of human hunters. The
study that included scientists at the University of Copen-
hagen in Denmark appears in the early online edition of the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Scientists create graphene hybrid
HOUSTON - Scientists in Texas say they've stitched graphene
and hexagonal boron nitride into a two-dimensional quilt,
opening new paths in materials science. The researchers at
Rice University said their achievement has implications for
application of graphene materials in microelectronics that
scale well below the limitations of silicon determined by
Moore's Law. Professor Pulickel Ajayan, who led the study,
said the discovery demonstrates a way to achieve control in
the creation of hybrid, 2-D structures and is thrilling for
a materials scientist. "From a graphene perspective, it now
gives us an opportunity to explore band-gap engineering in
two-dimensional layered systems," he said. "The whole phase
diagram of boron, carbon and nitrogen is fascinating, un-
explored and offers a great playground for materials scien-
tists." Co-authors of the paper included postdoctoral sci-
entists Lijie Ci and Li Song, as well as scientists from the
Nanotube Research Center in Tsukuba, Japan; the University
of Utah; Texas A&M University; and the National High Magnetic
Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Fla. The research appears
in the early online edition of the journal Nature Materials.
New dinosaur-like species is discovered
SALT LAKE CITY - An international team of paleontologists
says it has discovered a new species of dinosaur-like animals
called Asilisaurus kongwe. The first bones of the new species
-- part of a newly recognized group known as silesaurs --
came from the Triassic Period in Africa and were found in
2007, scientists said. The team -- including included Randall
Irmis, curator of paleontology at the Utah Museum of Nature
History -- said Asilisaurus falls just outside of the dino-
saur family tree. The species lived approximately 10 million
years earlier than the oldest known dinosaurs. Fossil bones
of at least 14 individuals were recovered from a single bone
bed in southern Tanzania. The researchers said the species
stood about 1.5 to 3 feet tall at the hips, were 3 to 10
feet long and weighed about 22 to 66 pounds. They walked on
four legs and most likely ate plants or a combination of
plants and meat. "The crazy thing about this new dinosaur
discovery is that it is so very different from what we all
were expecting, especially the fact that it is herbivorous
and walked on four legs, Irmis said. The discovery that in-
volved scientists from the University of Texas at Austin,
the Burke Museum and the University of Washington in Seattle,
the Field Museum in Chicago, the Iziko South African Museum
and Germany's Humboldt University appears in the journal
Nature.
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Scientists urge nanotechnology vigilance
CALGARY, Alberta - A Canadian scientist says he and his col-
leagues have developed a way to measure nanomaterials in
blood vessels. University of Calgary Professor David Cramb
says his team's achievement means science is a step closer
to helping solve a complex problem in nanotechnology: identi-
fying the impact nanoparticles have on human health and the
environment. "With the boom in nanomaterials production there
is an increasing possibility of environmental and/or human
exposure. Thus, there is a need to investigate their poten-
tial detrimental effects," Cramb said. "We have developed
very specialized tools to begin measuring such impacts."
Cramb and his researchers say they've developed a methodology
to measure various aspects of nanoparticles in the blood
stream of chicken embryos. Nanoparticles -- particles or
groups of atoms or molecules nanometers in size -- are al-
ready used in the cosmetics industry and are being developed
for drug delivery, diagnostic imaging and tissue engineering,
among other things. The scientists say it is estimated in-
vestments in nanotechnology globally will reach about $12
trillion by 2012. Cramb is looking for ways to help answer
questions including:
-- If embryos are exposed to nanoparticles, where will the
nanoparticles go?
-- How will the embryo respond?
-- What regulatory approaches can be recommended to miti-
gate accidental exposure?
-- How can nanotechnology be made green and sustainable?
The research appears in the early online edition of the
journal Chemical Physics Letters.
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