Gizmorama
November 11, 2009
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Good Morning,
Scientists in Cincinnati are the first to control the spin
of an electron by electronic means. Read all about how much
of an impact this find has on the scientific community due
to conservation and efficiency in the second article.
Until Tomorrow,
Erin
Questions? Comments? Email me at: mailto:gizmo@gophercentral.com
Email your comments=
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Scientists observe enzyme copying DNA
COLUMBUS, Ohio - Ohio State University scientists say they
have identified how motions of an enzyme are related to
correctly copying genetic instructions. That accomplishment,
the researchers said, sets the stage for studies that can
uncover what happens when DNA copying mistakes are made that
can lead to cancer and other diseases. The Ohio State Uni-
versity scientists said they are the first to observe real-
time behavior of all four sections, or domains, of an enzyme
called Dpo4. The research defines critical steps in the pro-
cess that starts when the enzyme binds to the correct nuc-
leotide and ends when that nucleotide is put in place to
become part of the string of molecules that compose a copied
strand of DNA, the scientists said. "Gaining insight into
complex DNA transactions is fundamental to understanding the
molecular basis of disease," said Associate Professor Zucai
Suo, the study's senior author. The research that included
Cuiling Xu, Brian Maxwell and Likui Zhang is detailed in the
early online edition of the journal PLoS Biology.
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Electron spin mastered by electrical means
CINCINNATI - University of Cincinnati researchers say they
have become the first scientists to control an electron's
spin orientation using just electrical means. Transistors
have long transmitted data by controlling the movement of
the charge of an electron. But scientists say transistors
that function by controlling an electron's spin, instead of
its charge, would use less energy, generate less heat and
operate at higher speeds. That theory resulted in a new field
of research called spintronics. Until now, scientists have
attempted to develop spin transistors by incorporating local
ferromagnets into device architectures. University of Cin-
cinnati Professor Philippe Debray said a far better and
practical way to manipulate the orientation of an electron's
spin would be by using purely electrical means, like the
switching on and off of an electrical voltage. And that is
what the spintronic researchers led by Debray and Professor
Marc Cahay have done. "We used a quantum point contact -- a
short quantum wire -- made from the semiconductor indium
arsenide to generate strongly spin-polarized current by
tuning the potential confinement of the wire by bias volt-
ages of the gates that create it," Debray said. The resear-
chers, including graduate students Partha Pratim Das and
Krishna Chetry, detailed their complex work in a recent
edition of the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
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Astronauts to begin pre-launch quarantine
HOUSTON - NASA says the six STS-129 astronauts scheduled to
lift off next week to the International Space Station are
ready to begin their quarantine period. The six astronauts
spent Monday attending to administrative duties at the John-
son Space Center in Houston, NASA said. They were to enter
a germ-free environment Monday night, where they will remain
until Thursday when they fly to the Kennedy Space Center.
Liftoff is set for 2:28 p.m. EST on Monday Nov. 16, with the
countdown to begin at 1 p.m. EST Friday. At the space center
in Florida, NASA said the work week began with the instal-
lation of new equipment at Launch Pad 39A. Technicians were
to install instruments in both the mobile launcher platform's
service mast and in space shuttle Atlantis' aft section.
NASA said the equipment will record the sound pressure and
vibration at liftoff -- which recently were determined to be
stronger than originally thought. The testing of the "main
engine acoustic environment" using microphones and sensors
will continue with next week's launch. The STS-129 mission
will be commanded by Charles Hobaugh and piloted by Barry
Wilmore, with astronauts Robert Satcher Jr., Mike Foreman,
Randy Bresnik and Leland Melvin. Wilmore, Satcher and Bresnik
will be making their first trips into space. Atlantis and
its crew will deliver various pieces of equipment to the
space station, with the mission to include three spacewalks.
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