Gizmorama - December 2, 2015

Good Morning,

What does the CERN's Large Hadron Collider and eco-friendly rice have in common? They're the subjects featured in today's issue of Gizmorama. I think you already knew that.

Learn about this and more interesting stories from the scientific community in today's issue.

Until Next Time,
Erin

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*-- CERN colliding lead ions at record energy using upgraded LHC --*
GENEVA, Switzerland - Experiments to simulate matter states existing after the Big Bang are successfully underway at CERN's Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, Switzerland.

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, announced Wednesday "stable beams" from lead-ion collisions begun November 17 were observed for the first time, beginning a one-month series of experiments with positively-charged lead ions, lead atoms with electrons removed.

The collision of lead ions is part of a study to approximate conditions immediately after the Big Bang, the prevailing model for the first seconds after the birth of the universe, when for a few milliseconds, matter was hot, dense and reached a temperature of several trillion degrees.

"It is a tradition to collide ions over one month every year as part of our diverse research program at the LHC. This year, however, is special as we reach a new energy and will explore matter at an even earlier stage of our universe," said CERN Director-General Rolf Heuer.

This year's experiments, crashing individual protons together in a newly-reinforced chamber, are at a much higher rate of acceleration than in previous years. New behavior of particles is expected to be observed at these speeds, and new observations are anticipated.


*-- Eco-friendly rice wins 2015 Popular Science award --*
RICHLAND, Wash. - Scientists with Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are being recognized for their efforts to design a more eco-friendly rice strain.

Scientists at the lab have developed a rice variety that emits nearly zero greenhouse gas during its growth and production cycles. Methane given off by the new strain is negligible.

Popular Science magazine honored the research with a 2015 "Best of What's New" award in the engineering category.

Global rice production is a surprisingly large source of global methane emissions, with rice paddies accounting for between 8 and 15 percent annually. Methane is less abundant than carbon dioxide, but is 20 times more potent in terms of its heat-trapping greenhouse gas effect.

The research was led by PNNL scientist Christer Jansson. He collaborated with scientists in China and Sweden in designing the rice strain.

The key to the rice's reduced emissions is a barley gene. Jansson and his colleagues located a gene in barley that carefully controls the plant's use of carbon. When they spliced it into the rice genome, the strain began sending more carbon into its grains and less into its roots where bacteria convert it into methane. The extra carbon in its grains also boosted the rice's yield and starch count.

"This is a win-win finding," Jansson, the director of plant sciences at DOE's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, said in a press release. "The process results in reduced methane emissions, which helps to mitigate climate change, and also results in more biomass -- more food. This dual effect is very positive."

Scientists around the globe have been working to build rice strains which can adapt to a changing climate, but this is one of the first designed to help curtail climate change.

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