Gizmorama
November 12, 2009
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Good Morning,
French scientists have found that the bacteria living out-
side of our atmosphere may limit space travel. Find out why
this is and what effects bacteria already have on astronauts
traveling through space today in the first article.
Until Tomorrow,
Erin
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Study: Bacteria may limit space travel
LORRAINE, France - French scientists say the prolific viru-
lence and growth of bacteria in space, coupled with reduced
production of antibodies, might limit future space travel.
The researchers from Nancy-University in Lorraine, France,
said long-term space flights might compromised by microbial
hitchhikers, such as bacteria. That's because space travel
appears to weaken the human immune system, while increasing
the virulence and growth of microbes, they said. "When people
think of space travel, often the vast distances are what come
to mind first," said Jean-Pol Frippiat, one of the report's
co-authors. "But even after we figure out a way to cover
these distances in a reasonable amount of time, we still need
to figure out how astronauts are going to overcome disease
and sickness." Frippiat and colleagues said they based their
conclusions on studies showing that immune systems of both
people and animals in space flight conditions are signifi-
cantly weaker than their grounded counterparts. They also
reviewed studies that examined the effects of space flight
conditions and altered gravity on virulence and growth of
common pathogens such as Salmonella, E.coli and Staphylo-
coccus. Those studies, they said, show such bacteria repro-
duce more rapidly in space flight conditions, leading to in-
creased risk of contamination, colonization and serious in-
fection. The research appears in The Journal of Leukocyte
Biology.
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Scientists create diabetic fruit flies
COLLEGE PARK, Md. - University of Maryland medical resear-
chers say they have created fruit fly models of diabetes to
study the genetics involved in the disease. While sedentary
lifestyles and diets high in sugar and fat contribute signi-
ficantly to the rise in diabetes rates, genetic factors may
make some people more vulnerable than others to developing
diabetes, researchers said. Associate Professor Leslie Pick
and his team said they altered genes in fruit flies to model
the loss of insulin production as seen in human Type 1 dia-
betes. "These mutant flies show symptoms that look very simi-
lar to human diabetes," Pick said. "They have the hallmark
characteristic, which is elevated blood sugar levels. They
are also lethargic and appear to be breaking down their fat
tissue to get energy, even while they are eating -- a situ-
ation in which normal animals would be storing fat, not
breaking it down. "We can use these genetically manipulated
flies as a model to understand defects underlying human dia-
betes and to identify genes and target points for pharmacol-
ogical intervention," said Pick, who is also using flies to
study Type 2 diabetes and other syndromes of insulin resis-
tance. The study that included researchers Hua Zhang, Jingnan
Liu and Caroline Li, Associate Professor Bahram Momen and
former Johns Hopkins University Associate Professor Ronald
Kohanski appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences.
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Ocean warming affecting fish populations
WOODS HOLE, Mass. - U.S. marine scientists say they've dis-
covered about half of 36 fish stocks in the Northwest Atlan-
tic Ocean have been moving northward due to warming waters.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration researchers
said the northward shift of the fish populations, many of
commercially valuable species, has been ongoing for about
four decades, with some stocks nearly disappearing from U.S.
waters. "During the last 40 years, many familiar species
have been shifting to the north where ocean waters are
cooler, or staying in the same general area, but moving into
deeper waters than where they traditionally have been found,"
said researcher Janet Nye at NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Sci-
ence Center in Woods Hole, Mass., and the study's lead
author. "They all seem to be adapting to changing tempera-
tures and finding places where their chances of survival as
a population are greater." Nye and co-authors Jason Link,
Jonathan Hare and William Overholtz said their findings are
another example of the need for an ecosystem-based management
approach to our fisheries. "Many factors, temperature among
them, influence the status of a fish stock, and we need to be
aware of all of those factors and consider them in management
decisions," said Link. "Looking at 'the big picture' helps
put each piece of the puzzle in perspective." The study ap-
pears in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.
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