Gizmorama

June 14, 2010
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Good Morning,

Scientists have made a rather significant, weather-
orientated discovery. Dust and other airborne particles
can affect precipitation amounts. Read all the details
in the last article.

Until Next Time,
Erin

Questions? Comments? Email me at: mailto:gizmo@gophercentral.com
Email your comments=


P.S. You can discuss this issue or any other topic in the new
Gizmorama forum. Check it out here...
http://gizmorama.gophercentral.com
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NASA interplanetary spacecraft sets record

PASADENA, Calif. - NASA says its ion-propelled Dawn space-
craft -- en route to explore two of the asteroid belt's most
massive objects -- has set a record for velocity change.
Officials said the record previously held by NASA's Deep
Space 1 -- the first interplanetary spacecraft to use ion
propulsion -- fell Saturday when Dawn's accumulated mission
acceleration exceeded 4.3 kilometers per second -- 9,600 mph.
The space agency said a spacecraft's change in velocity re-
fers to its ability to change its path through space by using
its own rocket engines. To reach its present location in the
asteroid belt, NASA said Dawn had to fire its three engines
-- one at a time -- for a cumulative total of 620 days.
During that time, it used less than 165 kilograms (363
pounds) of xenon propellant. In one year's time, Dawn's
ion propulsion system can increase the spacecraft's speed
by 8,850 kilometers per hour (5,500 mph), while consuming
the equivalent of only 16 gallons of fuel, NASA said. Dawn's
3-billion-mile mission includes exploration of asteroid Vesta
in 2011 and 2012, and the dwarf planet Ceres in 2015. Dawn,
launched in September 2007, is managed by NASA's Jet Propul-
sion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.

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Climate change threatens tropical areas

HOUSTON - A U.S. study suggests global warming may threaten
animal and plant life in hot spots that were once thought to
be less likely to suffer from climate change. Research by
Rice University Assistant Professor Amy Dunham is said to
detail for the first time a direct correlation between El
Nino-caused climate change and a threat to wildlife in Mada-
gascar, a tropical island that acts as a refuge for many
species that exist nowhere else in the world. Dunham said
most studies of global warming focus on temperate zones. "We
all know about the polar bears and their melting sea ice,"
she said. "But tropical regions are often thought of as
refuges during past climate events, so they haven't been
given as much attention until recently. We're starting to
realize that not only are these hot spots of biodiversity
facing habitat degradation and other anthropogenic effects,
but they're also being affected by the same changes we feel
in the temperate zones." Dunham said Madagascar's biodiver-
sity is an ecological treasure. "But its flora and fauna
already face extinction from rapid deforestation and exploi-
tation of natural resources," she said. "The additional
negative effects of climate change make conservation con-
cerns even more urgent." The study that included Texas
State University-San Marcos Associate Professor Elizabeth
Erhart and Stony Brook University Professor Patricia Wright
appears online ahead of print in the journal Global Change
Biology.


Scientists discover 45 new radioisotopes

TOKYO - Japanese scientists using the world's most powerful
beam of heavy ions say they have discovered 45 new radioiso-
topes. The researchers at the Riken Nishina Center said they
and their international collaborators uncovered 45 new
neutron-rich radioisotopes in a region of the nuclear chart
never before explored. "In only four days, a team of re-
searchers at the Riken Nishina Center for Accelerator Based
Science have identified more new radioisotopes than the
world's scientists discover in an average year," officials
said, explaining radioactive isotopes -- or radioisotopes
-- are unstable chemical elements with either more or fewer
neutrons than their stable counterparts. The researchers
said the newly discovered radioisotopes not only expand our
knowledge of nuclear physics, they also provide essential
clues about the origins of atoms in the universe. Riken
scientists said further improvements at the accelerator
facility promise to dramatically boost heavy-ion beams to
more than 1,000 times their current intensities, "unleashing
thousands of new radioisotopes and heralding a new era in
high-energy nuclear physics."

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Airborne particles affect precipitation

FORT COLLINS, Colo. - U.S. scientists say they've discovered
for the first time that large airborne particles of dust and
pollen can create greater amounts of precipitation. Colorado
State University atmospheric researchers said they found the
amount of ice crystals necessary to form precipitation in
clouds is linked to the abundance of larger aerosol particles
in the atmosphere. Using that finding in a global climate
model, the scientists also discovered clouds have a stronger
cooling effect on the Earth than had been previously esti-
mated. However the study leaders -- research scientists Paul
DeMott and Anthony Prenni -- said future increases in the
ice nuclei for cold clouds would reduce the cooling impact
on climate and vice versa. "The catalysts for most ice nuclei
are primary emissions -- from pollution or sea spray or
dust," DeMott said. "The bigger the particles, the better it
is for ice nuclei." At the same time, pinpointing a number
of particles at a specific temperature is too simple for
climate models to accurately represent what's occurring in
nature, he added. The study appears in the Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences.

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